Urinary tract infection (UTI) is defined by ≥ 5 × 104 colonies/mL in a catheterized urine specimen or, in older children, by repeated voided specimens with ≥ 105 colonies/mL. In children, which of the following are particularly likely to result in recurrent UTIs?
Obstruction
Vesicoureteral reflux
Neurogenic bladder
Ureteral duplication
